Evaluation of static vs. animated views in 3D web user interfaces

3D viewing applications (e.g., VRML/X3D browsers) often provide a viewpoint menu in order to allow easy navigation for users, so they can navigate from one point of interest to another simply by selecting a menu item. The viewpoint menu plays an important rol

Effect of hydrogel and different types of fertilizers on the number of turf shoots in lawns created by monocultures of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) cultivars and its mixtures

In order to determine the effect of the hydrogel content in the soil substrate on the number of shoots per unit area of grass lawns with different proportions of red fescue and monoculture turf produced from the following fescue cultivars: Adio, Libano, Corail, Simone. In the period 2003-2004, a field experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in four replications. In combination with a hydrogel (Aqua-Gel P4), 0.05 kg x m-2 of sorbent was placed at a depth of 10 cm below the soil surface in 2002. Another experimental factor was the type of fertilizer. Trawovit (a fertilizer with standard effects) and Sierrablen (a controlled-release fertilizer) were used for this purpose. The quantities of fertilizer and time of fertilization date followed manufacturer's instructions. The number of shoots per 1 m2 was determined at the end of the growing season. The study showed that, regardless of years of cultivation, the type of soil substrate and fertilizer, the average number of shoots for the mixtures was about 32% lower than for monoculture lawns. The presence of the hydrogel in the soil substrate regulated soil moisture, and therefore in the mixture lawns the values of the tested features were significantly higher in the treatments with hydrogel. Fertilization with Trawovit, regardless of the type of soil substrate (H, BH), does not lead to a statistically significant difference in the number of shoots between the studied mixtures. However, in the treatments fertilized with Sierrablen, the presence of the hydrogel in the soil substrate caused a significant increase in the traits examined for the mixtures containing, respectively, 20 and 80% of red fescue in their composition. The addition of Aqua-Gel P4 to the soil substrate, when the turf lawns were fertilized with Trawovit, resulted in a significant increase in the number of shoots for the cultivars Adio, Libano and Corail

A Survey of Interaction Techniques for Interactive 3D Environments

International audienceVarious interaction techniques have been developed for interactive 3D environments. This paper presents an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the state of the art of non-immersive interaction techniques for Navigation, Selection & Manipulation, and System Control, including a basic introduction to the topic, the challenges, and an examination of a number of popular approaches. We hope that this survey can aid both researchers and developers of interactive 3D applications in having a clearer overview of the topic and in particular can be useful for practitioners and researchers that are new to the field of interactive 3D graphics

On the Design of a Dual-Mode User Interface for Accessing 3D Content on the World Wide Web

International audienceThe World Wide Web, today's largest and most important online information infrastructure, does not support 3D content and, although various approaches have been proposed, there is still no clear design methodology for user interfaces that tightly integrate hypertext and interactive 3D graphics. This paper presents a novel strategy for accessing information spaces, where hypertext and 3D graphics data are simultaneously available and interlinked. We introduce a Dual-Mode User Interface that has two modes between which a user can switch anytime: the driven by simple hypertext-based interactions "hypertext mode", where a 3D scene is embedded in hypertext and the more immersive "3D mode", which immerses the hypertextual annotations into the 3D scene. A user study is presented, which characterizes the interface in terms of its efficiency and usability

CZY WAWEL MOŻNA NADBUDOWAĆ? REFLEKSJE NA TEMAT KLASYFIKACJI ZABYTKÓW

None of the legal acts applied in the Polish monument protection system, ranging from the Regency Council Decree of 1918 to the Act of 2003, allows for transforming historic monuments and sites. This provision applies, paradoxically, unless a competent historic preservation officer approves such transformations. In other words, under the aforementioned acts, it is possible to make any modification to the existing historic monument or site, provided that a historic preservation officer issues an appropriate permit.Each of these legal acts provides framework for classifying historic monuments and sites, e.g. by introducing various forms of protection, classifying monuments and sites under various categories – immovable, movable, archaeological, etc. Therefore, classification is real.There are so many different historic monuments and sites falling under a great number of categories that it is impossible to provide them with real, even diversified protection. It is therefore necessary to implement sucha classification of historic monuments and sites that would allow state and regional historic preservation officers and representatives of local government administration to carry out actions aimed at protecting properties and places of great historical significance.The recommended classification is a starting point for discussing methods, criteria, and rules governing classification of historic monuments and sites. Additionally, it will ensure appropriate protection.None of the legal acts applied in the Polish monument protection system, ranging from the Regency Council Decree of 1918 to the Act of 2003, allows for transforming historic monuments and sites. This provision applies, paradoxically, unless a competent historic preservation officer approves such transformations. In other words, under the aforementioned acts, it is possible to make any modification to the existing historic monument or site, provided that a historic preservation officer issues an appropriate permit.Each of these legal acts provides framework for classifying historic monuments and sites, e.g. by introducing various forms of protection, classifying monuments and sites under various categories – immovable, movable, archaeological, etc. Therefore, classification is real.There are so many different historic monuments and sites falling under a great number of categories that it is impossible to provide them with real, even diversified protection. It is therefore necessary to implement sucha classification of historic monuments and sites that would allow state and regional historic preservation officers and representatives of local government administration to carry out actions aimed at protecting properties and places of great historical significance.The recommended classification is a starting point for discussing methods, criteria, and rules governing classification of historic monuments and sites. Additionally, it will ensure appropriate protection